In view of the complex geological conditions and fragile ecological environment characteristics in typical areas of western China, this paper systematically introduces the innovative application and practical effect of green drilling technology. Through the use of portable drilling rigs ( MD-300, GK200, EP800, etc. ) to reduce environmental disturbances, innovative implementation of dual-machine linkage construction mode to improve operational efficiency, and according to local conditions, ecologically friendly transportation methods such as manual handling and cableway transportation are adopted. In the construction process, the key technical measures such as the development and application of environmentally friendly flushing fluid formula, the establishment of recycling system, the use of low solid mud and site anti-seepage treatment are adopted. The results show that the technical system can significantly reduce the pollution of soil and water caused by drilling activities. At the same time, through ecological restoration technologies such as re-grassing and re-tillage, turf reservation and Gobi ecological restoration, the effective restoration of the ecological environment in the drilling area is realized. The research results provide reliable technical support for the coordinated development of resource development and environmental protection in typical western regions.