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Research on the Pick Arrangement Pattern of Rotary Drilling Buckets Based on Pick Cutting Test

maning, huyawei, xiezhiyong, xiaodangui

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During the construction of rotary drilling rig, the efficiency of rock drilling is closely related to the pick arrangement of core barrel. The key pick arrangement parameters of core barrels are studied by using pick cutting test system. Three-dimensional load, crushing volume, deformation displacement, broken morphology and other data were collected during the test process. From multiple dimensions such as crushing specific power, cutting resistance, load fluctuation, and pick spin, the controlled variable method is applied to conduct pick cutting experiments, quantitatively evaluating the effects of cutting angle, tooth deviation angle, cutting sequence, tooth tip height difference, and tooth tip trajectory spacing on rock cutting. Research has shown that there is an optimal combination of tooth arrangement parameters that match the geological properties. Taking drilling into granite formations as an example, the optimal range of tooth arrangement parameters was determined, which are: cutting angle 68-72 °, tooth deviation angle 5-15 °, skip cutting, tooth tip height difference of about 3 mm, and tooth tip trajectory spacing of about 30 mm. According to the test results, the drilling efficiency is increased by 13.64% and the cost of unit footage is reduced by 39.13%. The research results are of great significance for guiding the arrangement of the core barrels, reducing the gear loss and improving the drilling efficiency.
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Stability study of open-pit slope rock mass based on Oriented core and OTV/ATV survey

ZHOU

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The stability of the slope of an open-pit mine is mainly affected by geological structures such as faults and joint of rock mass. In order to identify the distribution characteristics of the rock mass structural, the Reflex ACT III tools were used to unify the core orientation of 4 geotechnical survey holes. However, the proportion of highly reliable core orientation data for each borehole only 8.05-34.29%, due to the rock mass fragmentation and joint development near the contact zone between granite intrusions and sedimentary rocks, which affects the accuracy of core orientation. Therefor, this article took OTV/ATV survey to obtain lithology and structural characteristics, relationships and direction data effectively and improve the accuracy of geological structure information data of core orientation, through high-resolution, continuous and oriented 360° borehole wall images. Based on this, failure mode of the open pit mine was studied by equatorial polar projection theory and dynamic analysis. According to the result, the main failure mode is wedge sliding failure, with a probability of 12.66%-34.99%, followed by plane sliding, with a probability of 3.40%-20.36%, which provides the foundation for open-pit mining slope control.
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Research progress on wellbore instability mechanics of deep stratified weak face reservoirs

Zhao Longfei, Yin Wubing

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Deep reservoir gas reserves are abundant. However, due to complex geological conditions, such as the development of holes and fissures, the existence of weak bedding surface and other factors, shaft wall instability has always hindered the safe and efficient exploitation of deep oil and gas reservoirs. A series of problems such as stuck drilling, well collapse and leakage caused by shaft wall instability will bring huge losses to the project. Therefore, it is very important to have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism and research progress of borehole instability. In this paper, starting from the stability of borehole, the mechanical mechanism and development history are summarized. It is found that the development of weak bedding surface, multi-factor ground stress, rock physical and mechanical parameters, the existence of pore cracks and other factors are the main factors that lead to the weakening of mechanical strength and the instability of deep reservoir wall. For strata with weak bedding surface, the wellbore instability is more obvious, and the mechanical strength of rocks at different inclination angles is greatly different, and the rocks are more prone to hydration expansion along the bedding surface. Therefore, drilling engineering parameters and drilling fluid density should be reasonably optimized. This paper systematically summarizes the research of borehole stability mechanics and related aspects, in order to better understand the mechanical mechanism of deep reservoir borehole stability, and provide reference for practical production and engineering practice.
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Development and application of automatic core filling rate monitor

shaoshuai, subo, wangrongjing, zhangtao, luchunhua

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The development of automatic core filling rate monitoring system is to fill the shortage of core condition monitoring in the process of core extraction. The core filling rate automatic monitoring system is composed of main controller, reserved temperature and pressure monitoring module, Hall sensor module, data storage module and serial debugging module. The principle of core status monitoring is based on Hall effect. The coring speed range of the system can be monitored is 0-30mm/s, and the monitoring accuracy is about 1%. The system uses low-power AVR single-chip microcomputer, large-capacity memory, high-speed USB interface and other devices or modules, and has the functions of online debugging, programming and upgrading. The experimental results show that the system can automatically monitor the process of core penetration into the core tube at a water depth of 3000m (0~35MPa hole bottom pressure), which can provide theoretical guidance for the selection of field sampler type and the optimization of working parameters of the sampler, and has a broad application prospect.
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Design of deepwater pressure simulation testing system based on KingView and PLC

LIU Xiaolin, GAO Jieyun, WANG Jiarui, CHEN Haowen

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In deep-sea drilling, deepwater instruments’ water tightness and pressure resistance should be verified by pressure simulation testing system before launched. So deepwater pressure simulation testing system is often used. This article improves the traditional deepwater pressure simulation testing system, the improved system"s electrical control part is mainly composed of King View and PLC. The system uses PLC as the lower computer, and through its built-in A/D module, combined with pressure sensors, it can collect pressure signals. Users can set parameters and preset programs, and control the on-off of the pump and the valves through digital outputs, contactors, etc. The system provides auto-manual dual-mode. By combining the PLC serial port with the Bluetooth serial port transmission module, remote device display can be achieved. KingView was developed as the upper computer, to communicate with the lower computer via serial port based on Modbus RTU protocol, develops a human-machine interaction interface through configuration programming, realizes pressurization, pressure holding, and unloading setting for the entire process of pressure simulation testing, as well as monitoring the testing process, displaying pressure curves, and reporting forms. The deepwater pressure simulation testing system has the advantages of friendly Human-Machine interface, intuitive simulation monitoring, complete functions, reliable performance, convenient operation, safety, and scalability.
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Experimental Research on Drilling Parameters of Eccentric Percussion Rotary Drilling and Development of the Drill Bit Used for

Tang Feng-lin

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Rotary percussion drilling is an important method of drilling and widely used in geological exploration. Traditionally in rotary percussion drilling application of impact pulse is centric，but not eccentric. Russian experts have put award fragmentation of rock by application of eccentric impact pulse in order to improve the result of the fragmentation. That is a new concept and an innovation. They have done experimental research on it. It has been proved, that in rotary percussion drilling by eccentric impact pules in rock noy only vertical normal stress are created、but also tangential shear stress created and it is beneficial to improve the result of rock fragmentation and rising of drilling rate. In drilling dolerite and marble at eccentricity E=1mm-2 mm the mechanical drilling rate and bit penetration per revolution are increased substantially in comparison with E=0 mm. Matching with the mentioned above the drill bit for eccentric rotary percussion drilling has been developed and the bit patent obtained, strengthening the result and role of the eccentric rotary percussion drilling further in geological exploration.
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Mechanical Characteristics of Flexible Shaft in Flexible Motor Load Transfer

GUO Qiang, ZHANG Delong, YANG Peng, WENG Wei, WU Shuo, JIN Bo

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Flexure shaft is a key component for torque transfer between the joints of ultra-short radius flexible motor units. Aiming at the failure phenomena such as fracture of flexure shaft in the drilling process of ultra-short radius flexible motor, this paper carries out mechanical modelling and design strength checking of the internal flexure shaft of the flexible motor, uses finite element simulation to carry out stress analysis on the stress state of the flexure shaft in the torque transmission process of the flexible motor, and tests the mechanical properties of the flexible motor through indoor tests to analyse the mechanical properties of flexure shafts. The results show that the root and spline contact surfaces of the flexure shaft are the stress concentration areas in torque transmission, and the fatigue life of the flexure shaft can meet the requirements of continuous downhole operation. The finite element analysis and indoor tests show that the flexure shaft can transmit torque of 500N·m, which can realise the internal torque load transmission of the flexible motor under alternating bending and torsional stresses. This provides an important theoretical basis for the drilling process of ultra-short radius flexible motors in the development of horizontal wells, and provides a new type of technical means to improve the drilling length and drilling efficiency of the horizontal section of ultra-short radius horizontal wells.
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Efficient Drilling Technology for Oil and Gas survey in Sanmenxia Basin

zhao hongbo, zhang long, shen lina, zhang jiaodong, liu xufeng, li dayong, hu hao, meng xianglong, zhu disi

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【Background】The Paleogene sedimentary thickness in the Lingbao Sag of the Sanmenxia Basin is large and continuously distributed, with developed dark mudstone. Through the deployment of drilling projects, new discoveries of oil and gas in small and medium-sized basins can be assisted. However, the geological environment for drilling in this type of reservoir is complex, with frequent sand and mudstone interlayers, which can easily cause engineering difficulties such as bit mud entrapment, wellbore collapse, block falling, coexisting risks of leakage, and difficulty in drilling. 【Research method】 Through the optimization of drilling tool combination and wellbore structure, research on drilling fluid technology in different sections, development of PDC irregular tooth drill bits, and research on the drilling process of "low speed+medium drilling pressure+screw+high-efficiency PDC drill bits", 【Research results】effectively solved the problems of wellbore stability and drill bit selection. In the actual drilling of YXD 1 well, the average mechanical drilling speed of comprehensive drilling reached 5.67 m/h, which shortened the drilling cycle by 10 days compared to the design. 【Conclusions and suggestions】Innovations have formed a "new, superior, and fast" drilling and completion technology system for sand and mudstone interlayers in the Sanmenxia Basin, including a mud pack drilling fluid technology system, a long open hole wellbore protection drilling fluid technology system, an efficient PDC shaped tooth drill bit acceleration technology for sand and mudstone interlayers, and a "two low and one high" variable density cement slurry cementing technology that can be promoted. This can provide useful reference for drilling engineering design and construction in similar regions.
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Study on Cement Slurry System in Ultra-high temperature well

高元, LI Xiaojiang, LIU Rengguang

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Aiming at the strength of set cement with sand degradation leads to the annular seal failure at 200℃, rich silica-aluminum material with hydration activity was developed, and when the adding amount for 30% to70% of cement ,the compresssive strength of cement are stable at 200℃×20.7MPa×30d. Based on the rich Silica-aluminum material as a high temperature stabilizer, selecting matching additives, the rich silica-aluminum ultra-high temperature cement slurry was developed, the API water loss is less than 50 mL at 100~200℃, the thickening time can be adjustable between 150~500min, the comprehensive performance is good. Compressive strength of set cement cured for 10d, 60d, 120d, 180d under 200℃×20.7MPa are all greater than 26MPa, and high temperature strength decline was not observed. The ultrasonic strength curve shows that the strength of set cement grows steady within 600h. The SEM and XRD shows that, the rich silica-aluminum material participate in the cement hydration reaction, and eliminate the calcium hydroxide, and generate aluminum-oxide tetrahedron and silica-oxide tetrahedron inter-bonding three-dimensional network structure with good high temperature performance, and together with tobermolite calcium silicate bauxite to maintain the stability of the high temperature strength of cement stone. The cement slurry system has been applied in hot dry rock cementing for 1 well, and the cementing quality is good. As so far, the cement ring has been well sealed for 1000 days.
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Numerical Simulation Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters in the Cementing Process of Gas Hydrate-bearing Sediments in Deep Water Oil and Gas Wells

WANG Xiaoyu, ZHENG Mingming, WU Shuang, YAN Shichun, MA Ting, TANG Chengxiang

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The South China Sea has been confirmed to be rich in oil and gas resources as well as natural gas hydrate resources. However, hydrate-bearing formations are often encountered during the drilling of oil and gas wells. Cementing is a critical step in oil and gas development. In deepwater drilling, the heat released during cement hydration can potentially induce hydrate decomposition, compromising formation stability and even affecting cementing quality. This study utilized numerical simulation methods, focusing on the hydrate-bearing formation at the SH7 site in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea GMGS-1 project. A numerical model for cementing was established to analyze the issues caused by cement slurry invasion into hydrate-bearing formations and the impact of cementing process parameters. The study found that an increase in cement hydration heat release rate significantly advanced the onset of gas and water influx, as well as increased its volume. The cementing pressure differential had a minor impact on the influx phenomenon, but it suppressed the influx when exceeding a certain threshold. Prolonging the pressure maintenance period significantly delayed the initiation of influx and reduced its volume. Therefore, it is recommended in practical engineering to use low-heat cement, extend the pressure maintenance period, and avoid excessively high cementing pressure differentials in the early stages to minimize hydrate decomposition and mitigate the occurrence of influx. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the cementing of hydrate-bearing formations, which is of great significance for enhancing the safety and efficiency of cementing operations.
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Finite element numerical simulation analysis of packer-type expansion pipe

Liyunpeng, Yinfei, sunxiao, Fengjianyue, Liuyi, Chenzhiang, Zhengyunfei

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The packer expansion tube technology has been developed for the hydrogeological exploration of wall protection and the repair of damaged well pipes. It has the characteristics of low cost and simple process. In order to make the packer meet the requirements of the expansion pipe, the expansion mechanism of the packer is improved. The packer is used to test the pipes with different properties. According to the test results, 316L stainless steel is selected as the expansion pipe. In order to study the relationship between the expansion pressure and the change of the length and thickness of the expansion tube during the two expansions of the packer-type expansion tube, the expansion process of the expansion tube with Φ219 mm and wall thickness of 4 mm was numerically simulated by Abaqus software to obtain the change of stress and strain during the expansion process, and field tests were conducted on the expansion tube with the same specifications. Then comparing the simulation results with the test results, it is concluded that the simulation results are basically the same as the actual demonstration results, indicating that the numerical simulation results can be used as a reference for the actual construction.
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Experimental study on the thermal characteristics of dry drilling of diamond coring bits

SHEN Lina, LI Chun, ZHAO Yi, LIU Hailong, WU Haixia, ZHANG Jianyuan

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Dry drilling has little impact on the environment. In the absence of cooling medium, it can effectively solve the problem of borehole coring when drilling some water or drilling fluid reacts or produces new pollution, so this method is one of the important means of exoplanets sampling. However, exoplanets object drill bits were mostly alloy drill bits, which had certain limitations for drilling into hard rock formations. Diamond drilling is a relatively advanced rotary drilling technology, which is widely used in oil and gas exploration and geological exploration, and is a powerful tool for drilling hard rock formations. In this paper, the dry drilling tests of diamond drill bits were carried out for hard granite, and the influences of drilling parameters and bit types on the thermal characteristics during the drilling process is discussed. The results show that: (1) The heating rate of PDC drill bits is lower than that of conventional diamond coring bits, which is about 1/2 of that of impregnated diamond bits; (2) PDC coring bits can be a way for the dry drilling of granite under suitable process parameters; (3) The rotary speed has a great influence on the temperature rise of diamond bits in dry drilling, and it shows a nonlinear growth trend; (4)The cooling curves of drill bits in air show an exponential downward trend. During the cooling from 300°C to 100°C, the cooling rate ≥ 60°C/min. The research results can provide a basis for the scientific design and rational use of dry drilling bits.
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Research on dual liquid plugging method based on thixotropic slurry

龚浩宇, Ren peigang, Zhang furong, Ma di, Xie bingxi, Fan haijiao

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Aiming at serious leakage problems such as crack type and karst cave type, a dual liquid method is proposed for plugging. Specifically, it is a new type of plugging technology that injects two or more fluids with different properties into the wellbore at the same time, and uses the thixotropy generated by the mixed fluid to seal the lost circulation layer. In order to study the plugging performance of mixed fluid and obtain the best plugging formula, organic gel solution is used to prepare cement slurry indoors, and mixed with Bantu slurry in different proportions. The thixotropy of mixed slurry is measured by hysteresis loop method to evaluate its plugging performance. The results show that when the dosage of organic gel is 0.08% bwoc, the cement slurry prepared by organic gel solution and 0.25% Bantu slurry are mixed at a ratio of 10:1.8, the slurry has the best plugging performance, and the compressive strength after curing can meet the requirements of on-site construction.Field application shows that the combination of cement slurry prepared with organic gel solution and bentonite slurry has good plugging effect.
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Long open hole and long-immersion formation drilling technology

Zhu Di-si, Meng Xiang-Long, Wang Sheng-jian, Wang Xiao-ming, Chen Zhao-ming, Chi Huan-peng, Zhao Hong-bo, Gao Yong-jin, Li Da-yong, Yue Wei-min

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Well Xinsudi-2 is an oil and gas geological survey well deployed in the Xinjiang Tarim Basin. The well was drilled to 2468.50m with an open hole section of 2009.24m. After geological assessment, it was designed to be Deepen drilling to 3168m. This article takes the 500-600m well section as an example to analyze the wellbore stability. The wellbore is soaked in drilling fluid for a long time, which causes the water content of the wellbore to increase. The cohesion and internal friction angle of the mudstone and other strength indicators decrease, resulting in the wellbore not having Pressure-bearing capacity, slight disturbance will cause the well wall to become unstable. The project team adopted a new anti-pollution polymer anti-collapse drilling fluid system, a drilling tool assembly with a drill-while-drilling jar to relieve stuck conditions under complex well conditions, and the target layer was drilled using low drilling pressure\low rotational speed\low-displacement parameter combination drilling and other technical methods has solved a series of complex situations caused by long open-hole sections and long time soaked formations, ensured the smooth completion of the project and achieved the geological purpose, and accumulated the experience and technology of drilling long open hole and long-immersion formations.
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Development and Application of Impregnated Diamond Bit for Horizontal Directional Drilling in Hard Formation

huli, lijunping, tangzhijian

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Aiming at the low efficiency of horizontal directional drilling in hard formation, the self-sharpness of the bit was improved by the hard brittleness of FeCoCu pre-alloy matrix and the hard silicon carbide particle to weaken the matrix. The layered structure design is used to alternate the high and low wear resistance layers along the radial direction of the bit. The thickness of low wear resistance and high wear resistance were designed to be 1.0 ~1.5 mm and 2.5 ~3.5 mm respectively, to realize simultaneous wear of high wear resistance layers and low wear resistance layers and improve drilling efficiency. The bits have been successfully applied to horizontal directional drilling in hard potassium feldspar granite formation, using the combination of FeCoCu pre-alloy matrix and stratified matrix structure, with the average ROP of 0.8 ~1.5 m/h and the drilling life of 30 ~40 m. Compared with the ordinary concentric sharp tooth bit, the ROP has been increased by about double, and the drilling life has been increased by more than 30%.
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SStudy On the Design and Hydraulic Characteristics of the Submarine Mud Lift Pump

Qin Rulei, Gao Jieyun, Chen Haowen, He Guolei, Xu Benchong, Su Xianghui, Yin Guoyue

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The mud lift pump, as the core functional unit of riserless mud recovery drilling, drives the cutting-bearing mud stored in the suction module to flow back to the drilling platform along the upward return pipeline. This paper takes centrifugal pumps as the research object, constructs a computational model of the pump through CFD-EDM, conducts full-scale flow field simulation, and studies the impeller design, flow field and particle transport distribution, and hydraulic performance tests of the sample pump. The research results show that the pump has good working characteristic indicators, and its hydraulic performance meets the design requirements, the pump can be applied to deep-sea riserless drilling operations. And it also shows that the design method and experimental process of the pump are reasonable and feasible.
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Study on Simulation Characteristics of Phase Change Materials for High Temperature Resistant Vacuum Flask

liu dan, chen jian yao, hou yue, he nan, LIU Jingtao, zhou shao wu

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With the continuous improvement and expansion of the application scope of active magnetic measurement technology represented by SmartMag Drilling Target-Hitting Guide System, it will be more applied in high-temperature underground environments such as geothermal well development and deep-sea mineral resource exploration in the future. High temperature often becomes a bottleneck problem that restricts the normal operation of instruments.In order to further improve the temperature resistance performance of the SmartMag system, this article adopts passive thermal management method and uses finite element method to simulate the phase change heat storage characteristics of the vacuum flask. It explores the optimal coupling length of the heat absorbing body and compares the phase change materials with the best temperature control ability horizontally. It analyzes the changes in axial temperature and phase state of the heat absorbing body inside the vacuum flask over time.The results show that the optimal coupling lengths are 400mm for the upper absorber and 250mm for the lower absorber. After operating the insulation cylinder at 150 ℃ for 6 hours, the utilization rate of phase change latent heat of the upper absorber is 96.7%, and the utilization rate of phase change latent heat of the lower absorber is 70.5%. The minimum temperature of the circuit board is 63.48 ℃, and the temperature control effect of low melting paraffin is the best.
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Volume 51,2024 Issue 4

特深井安全高效钻探技术与装备专题

山区道路地质灾害风险分析与防治技术专题

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