Xinjiang, as a region in China with enormous potential for shale gas (and hydrocarbon) resources, presents severe challenges to drilling construction processes due to its complex geological conditions, such as deep-seated shale formations and strongly water-sensitive shale. Drawing on the drilling practices of small-diameter geological survey wells (Well Ye 2 being one of the examples mentioned), as well as the large-diameter Qiangba 1 Well, this paper systematically analyzes optimized drilling technology solutions suited to this region. These solutions encompass key technologies including equipment selection, drill bit selection, deviation control and straight-hole drilling, drilling fluid management, lost circulation prevention, and intelligent monitoring. Through on-site practical verification, the optimized drilling processes have significantly reduced the rate of complex accidents and enhanced drilling efficiency, thereby providing technical support for the cost-effective and efficient development of shale gas in Xinjiang. Looking ahead, further research is needed to tackle low-cost drilling technologies and intelligent drilling technologies to meet the demands of large-scale development.