Oil shale reservoirs are a kind of sedimentary rocks rich in organic matter. The proven reserves of oil shale resources in China rank third in the world. Realizing the commercial development of oil shale resources is one of the important measures to ensure the energy security of our country. Oil shale underground in-situ conversion process has the advantages of green environmental protection， small footprint and can develop deep oil shale resources. It is an important technical means to realize the efficient development of middle and deep oil shale resources. This paper introduces the application and research results of hydraulic fracturing technology， supercritical CO₂ fracturing technology， acidizing fracturing technology and clear water fracturing technology in the process of in-situ exploitation of oil shale， and compares the advantages and disadvantages of four kinds of reservoir reconstruction technology. Meanwhile， the current applications and progress of hydraulic fracturing technology in experimental research， numerical simulation and pilot test project are highlighted. Finally， the deficiency and future development direction of oil shale reservoir reconstruction technology are discussed.