Russia is a country with a vast territory. There are permafrost rocks underground in the northern part of Russia and in Siberia. In the permafrost rocks there are mineral resources， which are explored and developed urgently and that must be supported and confirmed by drilling engineering. In the engineering construction of these areas， it is necessary to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the underground rocks by drilling engineering. The problem in drilling engineering is the effect of flushing fluid on the ice in the rocks， leading to collapse of the rocks and the borehole wall and the frequent occurrence of accidents. Russian specialists have proposed to use a vortex cooler to make the temperature of the cold compressed air lower than that of the bottom-hole rocks， and sending the cold air to the bottom of the hole in order to guarantee normal drilling and safe construction， increase the penetration rate and raise the bit footage. Good technical and economical results have been obtained. In China， there are also permafrost rocks and seasonal frozen rocks. The drilling technology in permafrost rocks with flushing by cold compressed air in Russia has certain reference value and practical significance for China.