With the gradual deepening of human exploration of the Moon, it lays a foundation for long-term work on the Moon in the future. However, a key issue needs to be solved urgently in this process: the gravel stratum in lunar soil undoubtedly brings risks of wear and failure to drilling equipment during lunar drilling. Aiming at this problem, this paper takes gravel content, gravel size and gravel arrangement as influencing factors, and takes drilling power, drilling torque and drilling resistance as target parameters to carry out orthogonal physical tests, and obtains the following conclusions: the influence on drilling power from large to small is gravel size, gravel content and gravel arrangement. The relationship between gravel content and power is that the power first decreases and then increases with the increase of gravel content. The relationship between power and gravel size is that the power first increases and then decreases with the increase of gravel size. The relationship between gravel arrangement and power is that the power first increases and then decreases with the increase of gravel arrangement. The influence on drilling torque from large to small is gravel arrangement, gravel content and gravel size. Torque is proportional to gravel content and gravel arrangement, and the relationship with gravel size is that torque first increases and then decreases with the increase of gravel size. The influence degree on drilling resistance from large to small is gravel arrangement, gravel content and gravel size. Resistance is proportional to gravel arrangement and gravel content, and the relationship with gravel size is that resistance first decreases and then increases with the increase of gravel size.